Category Archives: functions

Array map

By Zevan | January 2, 2010
CLICK HERE TO COPY
Actionscript:
  1. var a:Array = [1,2,3,4,5,6];
  2. var double:Array = a.map(function():int{return arguments[0] * 2});
  3. trace(double);
  4. /*outputs:
  5. 2,4,6,8,10,12
  6. */

A condensed example of Array.map()

Here is the same thing written in haskell:

a = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
double = map (*2) a

main = print double
Also posted in arrays | Tagged , , | Leave a comment

Recursive Countdown

By Zevan | January 1, 2010
CLICK HERE TO COPY
Actionscript:
  1. loop(20);
  2.  
  3. function loop(i:int):void {
  4.     if (i <0) return;
  5.       trace(i);
  6.       loop(i - 1);
  7. }
  8.  
  9. /* outputs:
  10. 20
  11. 19
  12. 18
  13. 17
  14. 16
  15. 15
  16. 14
  17. 13
  18. 12
  19. 11
  20. 10
  21. 9
  22. 8
  23. 7
  24. 6
  25. 5
  26. 4
  27. 3
  28. 2
  29. 1
  30. 0
  31. */

This snippet uses a recursive function to count down from some number. Recursion is pretty useless in actionscript, it will eventually cause an error... If you were to try to countdown from a higher number it would choke pretty fast...

Been writing haskell lately so I have recursion on the brain.

Also posted in misc | Tagged , , | 7 Comments

Functions Returning Functions

By Zevan | November 23, 2009
CLICK HERE TO COPY
Actionscript:
  1. var connect:Function = function(xp:Number, yp:Number, col:uint=0):Function{
  2.     graphics.lineStyle(0,col);
  3.     graphics.moveTo(xp, yp);
  4.     var line:Function = function(xp:Number, yp:Number):Function{
  5.         graphics.lineTo(xp, yp);
  6.         return line;
  7.     }
  8.     return line;
  9. }
  10.  
  11. // draw a triangle
  12. connect(200,100)(300,300)(100,300)(200, 100);
  13.  
  14. // draw a box
  15. connect(100,100, 0xFF0000)(150,100)(150,150)(100, 150)(100,100);

This is one of those techniques that I never really get tired of. It's pretty useless, but fun to play around with every now and then. This draws the somewhat boring looking picture below:

[EDIT]
A few people pointed out that this could be simplified with arguments.callee... So here is an example... it does the same thing as the original code...

CLICK HERE TO COPY
Actionscript:
  1. var connect:Function = function(xp:Number, yp:Number, col:uint=0):Function{
  2.     graphics.lineStyle(0,col);
  3.     graphics.moveTo(xp, yp);
  4.     return function(xp:Number, yp:Number):Function{
  5.         graphics.lineTo(xp, yp);
  6.         return arguments.callee;
  7.     }
  8. }

Also posted in misc | Tagged , , | 6 Comments

JS Sketch Experiment

By Zevan | October 5, 2009
CLICK HERE TO COPY
Actionscript:
  1. [SWF(width=950, height=600)]
  2. with (graphics) beginFill(0xefefef), drawRect(0,0,stage.stageWidth, stage.stageHeight);
  3. var btn:Sprite = Sprite(addChild(new Sprite()));
  4. with (btn.graphics) beginFill(0x666666), drawRect(0,0,100,20);
  5. with(btn)  x=320, y=430, buttonMode = true;
  6. btn.addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OVER, function():void{
  7.   with(btn.graphics) clear(), beginFill(0x222222), drawRect(0,0,100,20);
  8. });
  9. btn.addEventListener(MouseEvent.ROLL_OUT, function():void{
  10.   with(btn.graphics) clear(), beginFill(0x666666), drawRect(0,0,100,20);
  11. });
  12. btn.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, function():void{
  13.     var res:*= ExternalInterface.call("function(){ plot=[]; colors=[]; " + txt.text + " return {plot:plot, colors:colors};}");
  14.     render((res == null) ? {plot:[], colors:[]} : res);
  15. });
  16.  
  17. var v:Shape = Shape(addChild(new Shape()));
  18. v.x = 700;
  19. v.y = 220;
  20. function render(obj:Object):void{
  21.     var plot:Array = obj.plot;
  22.     var colors:Array = obj.colors;
  23.     var leng:int = plot.length;
  24.     v.graphics.clear();
  25.     var inc:int = 0;
  26.     v.graphics.moveTo(plot[0], plot[1]);
  27.     for (var i:int = 2; i<leng; i+=2){
  28.         v.graphics.lineStyle(0,colors[inc++]);
  29.         v.graphics.lineTo(plot[i], plot[i + 1]);
  30.     }
  31. }
  32.  
  33.  
  34. var submit:TextField = TextField(btn.addChild(new TextField()));
  35. submit.defaultTextFormat = new TextFormat("_sans", 12);
  36. with(submit) textColor=0xFFFFFF, width=100, autoSize="center";
  37. with(submit) mouseEnabled = false,  text="submit";
  38.  
  39. var txt:TextField = TextField(addChild(new TextField()));
  40. with(txt) x = y = 20, type = "input", multiline=true;
  41. with(txt) width = 400, height = 400, border = true, background = 0xFFFFFF;
  42. txt.defaultTextFormat = new TextFormat("Monaco", 12);
  43. txt.text = "enter text";
  44. txt.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, onDown);
  45. function onDown(evt:MouseEvent):void{
  46.     txt.text = "";
  47.     txt.removeEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, onDown);
  48. }

This snippet is a mini code editor that allows the user to write javascript into a textfield - the javascript is then run using external interface. Optionally the javascript code can populate two arrays (plot and colors). If these arrays are populated flash, will render the data in each array using the Graphics class.

Have a look at the demo:

If you do something nice with this... post your javascript snippet as a comment and I'll add it to the JS Sketch page...

Also posted in Graphics, Math, dynamic, external data | Tagged , , , | Leave a comment

ActionScript Eval (well, not really)

By Zevan | October 3, 2009
CLICK HERE TO COPY
Actionscript:
  1. var txt:TextField = TextField(addChild(new TextField()));
  2. txt.autoSize = TextFieldAutoSize.LEFT;
  3.  
  4. var myVar:Number = 100;
  5. // works as an expression parser
  6. txt.text = js("return (" + myVar + " * 2 + 10) / 2");
  7. txt.appendText("\n\n");
  8.  
  9. // parses javascript
  10. txt.appendText(js("var a = []; for (var i = 0; i<10; i++){ a.push(i) } return a;"));
  11.  
  12. function js( data:String ):*{
  13.    var res:*= ExternalInterface.call("function(){" + data + "}");
  14.    return (res == null) ? "null" : res;
  15. }

This one made my day - CAN'T believe I never thought of it before... haven't done any speed tests yet... but it shows how to use ExternalInterface.call to parse math expressions and javascript code. This will only work when the swf is shown in an html page of course... so if your in flash cmd+f12...

I got the idea from this code snippet... which actually has an error in it... the decode() function should not return void... I found that snippet thanks to this tweet by makc3d.

Also posted in Math, external data, misc, string manipulation, strings | Tagged , , | Leave a comment

Recursive 2D Structure

By Zevan | July 21, 2009
CLICK HERE TO COPY
Actionscript:
  1. [SWF(width = 600, height = 700, frameRate=24)]
  2. var canvas:BitmapData = new BitmapData(stage.stageWidth,stage.stageHeight,false, 0xFFFFFF);
  3. addChild(new Bitmap(canvas));
  4.  
  5. var maxBranches:int = 600;
  6. var branches:int = 0;
  7. var startX:Number = 300
  8. makeBranch(startX,690,30,-60, 60);
  9.  
  10. function makeBranch(xp:Number, yp:Number, step:Number, min:Number, max:Number):void {
  11.     var vectors:Shape = Shape(addChild(new Shape()));
  12.     var cX:Number, cY:Number, eX:Number, eY:Number
  13.     var dcX:Number=xp, dcY:Number=yp, deX:Number=xp, deY:Number=yp;
  14.     var theta:Number = (min + Math.random()*(max-min) - 90) * Math.PI / 180;
  15.     cX = xp + step * Math.cos(theta);
  16.     cY = yp + step * Math.sin(theta);
  17.     theta = (min + Math.random()*(max-min)-90) * Math.PI / 180;
  18.     eX = cX + step * Math.cos(theta);
  19.     eY = cY + step * Math.sin(theta);
  20.     var run:Function = function():void{
  21.          dcX +=  (cX - dcX) / 2;
  22.          dcY +=  (cY - dcY) / 2;
  23.          deX +=  (eX - deX) / 8;
  24.          deY +=  (eY - deY) / 8;
  25.          with(vectors.graphics){
  26.               clear();
  27.               beginFill(0xFFFFFF,0.8);
  28.               lineStyle(0,0x000000,0.8);
  29.               moveTo(startX, yp);
  30.               lineTo(xp, yp);
  31.               curveTo(dcX, dcY, deX, deY);
  32.               lineTo(startX, deY);
  33.          }
  34.          if (Math.abs(dcX - cX) <1 && Math.abs(deX - eX) <1 && Math.abs(dcY - cY) <1 && Math.abs(deY - eY) <1){
  35.              canvas.draw(vectors);
  36.              removeChild(vectors);
  37.              if (branches <maxBranches){
  38.                  setTimeout(makeBranch, 10, deX, deY, step - Math.random(), -90, 90);
  39.                  branches++;
  40.                  if (int(Math.random()*2) == 1){
  41.                     setTimeout(makeBranch, 10, deX, deY, step - Math.random()*3, -90, 90);
  42.                     branches++;
  43.                  }
  44.              }
  45.          }else{
  46.              setTimeout(arguments.callee,  1000 / 24);
  47.          }
  48.     }();
  49. }

This snippet uses a technique similar to what you might use to create a recursive tree. A bit of additional logic is added for bezier branches, filled shapes and animation.

WARNING: may run slow on older machines

Have a look at the swf...

Also posted in BitmapData, bezier, misc, motion | Tagged , , | 7 Comments

Counter Function

By Zevan | July 4, 2009
CLICK HERE TO COPY
Actionscript:
  1. var counter:Function = function(count:Array):Function{
  2.     var leng:int = count.length;
  3.     var index:int = 0;
  4.     return counter = function(reset:*=""):Function{
  5.         if (reset=="reset"){
  6.             index = 0;
  7.             return counter;
  8.         }else
  9.         if (reset is Array){
  10.             count = reset;
  11.             return counter;
  12.         }
  13.         trace(count[index % leng]);
  14.         index++;
  15.         return counter;
  16.     }
  17. }
  18.  
  19. // first time it's called you pass an array
  20. trace("count through the array:");
  21. // you can optionally call trigger the counter by calling the newly
  22. // returned function
  23. counter(["a","b","c"])();
  24. counter();
  25. counter();
  26. trace("change the array:");
  27. // here we choose to simply set the array and not trigger the counter
  28. counter([10,20,40,60,80]);
  29. counter();
  30. counter()
  31. trace("reset the counter:");
  32. // reset and the counter is called 3 times
  33. counter("reset")()()();
  34.  
  35. /*outputs :
  36. count through the array:
  37. a
  38. b
  39. c
  40. change the array:
  41. 10
  42. 20
  43. reset the counter:
  44. 10
  45. 20
  46. 40
  47. */

Today I felt like messing around with functions and this is the result. This snippet shows a strange and interesting technique to create a function that iterates through a given array in a few different ways.

I believe the technical term for this kind of thing is a continuation...

There are a bunch of other posts like this on actionsnippet. Some are purely experimental, others are actually quite useful... these can all be found in the functions category.

Also posted in dynamic | Tagged , , | Leave a comment

Instantiate and Set Properties

By Zevan | May 17, 2009
CLICK HERE TO COPY
Actionscript:
  1. function create(obj:Class, props:Object):*{
  2.     var o:* = new obj();
  3.     for (var p:String in props){
  4.         o[p] = props[p];
  5.     }
  6.     return o;
  7. }
  8.  
  9. // test out the function
  10.  
  11. var txt:TextField = create(TextField, {x:200, y:100, selectable:false, text:"hello there", textColor:0xFF0000, defaultTextFormat:new TextFormat("_sans", 20)});
  12. addChild(txt);
  13.  
  14. var s:Sprite = Sprite(addChild(create(Sprite, {x:100, y:100, rotation:45, alpha:.5})));
  15.  
  16. with (s.graphics) beginFill(0xFF0000), drawRect(-20,-20,40,40);
  17.  
  18. var blur:BlurFilter = create(BlurFilter, {blurX:2, blurY:8, quality:1});
  19.  
  20. s.filters = [blur];

This snippet shows a function called create() that takes two arguments. The first argument is the name of a class to instantiate. The second is an Object with a list of properties to set on a newly created instance of the class (referenced in the first argument).

This could be particularly useful for TextFields which for some reason have no arguments in their constructor.

This will currently only work for classes that have either all optional constructor arguments or no constructor arguments.

Also posted in dynamic, one-liners, properties | Tagged , | Comments closed

Object Argument w/ Defaults

By Zevan | April 17, 2009
CLICK HERE TO COPY
Actionscript:
  1. var boxDefaults:Object = {x:10, y:10, width:100, height:100, lineThickness:0, lineColor:0x000000, lineAlpha:1, fillColor:0xCCCCCC, fillAlpha:1}
  2. function drawBox(params:Object=null):void {
  3.     var p:Object=setDefaults(boxDefaults, params);
  4.     graphics.lineStyle(p.lineThickness, p.lineColor, p.lineAlpha);
  5.     graphics.beginFill(p.fillColor, p.fillAlpha);
  6.     graphics.drawRect(p.x, p.y, p.width, p.height);
  7. }
  8.  
  9. function setDefaults(defaults:Object, params:Object=null):Object {
  10.     if (params==null) {
  11.         params = new Object();
  12.     }
  13.     for (var key:String in defaults) {
  14.         if (params[key]==null) {
  15.             params[key]=defaults[key];
  16.         }
  17.     }
  18.     return params;
  19. }
  20.  
  21. // test it out... notice that all object properties are optional and have default values                                         
  22. drawBox();
  23.  
  24. drawBox({x:200, y:200, lineColor:0xFF0000, lineThickness:2, fillColor:0xCCCC00});
  25.  
  26. drawBox({x:200, y:320, width:50, height:150, lineAlpha:0, fillColor:0x416CCF});

This is a technique I've been using recently... inspired by tweening engines. I find this to be suitable when a function or object constructor has lots and lots of arguments (80% of the time if I have a function or object constructor with too many arguments I re-think my design, but every now and then I use this technique).

Basically, the function or object constructor takes one argument of type Object - once passed into the function this Object argument is passed to the setDefault() function which populates it with any properties that it's missing - each property has a default value. As a result you end up with an easy to read function call with a variable number of arguments and well thought out default values.

This snippet just draws a box (not very interesting or usefull) - I wanted to showcase the technique using a simple function. As a real world example... I recently used this technique in a mini-library I created for use with Box2D... will be posting the library in the next few days.... it's a library for fast prototyping and custom rendering.

Also posted in dynamic | Tagged , | 3 Comments

Function Chaining & Classes

By Zevan | April 2, 2009
CLICK HERE TO COPY
Actionscript:
  1. package {
  2.     import flash.display.Sprite;
  3.     public class Chaining extends Sprite{
  4.         public function Chaining(){
  5.               print(n(100).divide(2).plus(2));
  6.               // outputs 52              
  7.               print(n(100).plus(n(10).multiply(2)));
  8.               // outputs 120
  9.         }
  10.     }
  11. }
  12.  
  13. function print(n:Num):void{
  14.    trace(n.getValue());
  15. }
  16. function n(n:Number):Num{
  17.    return new Num(n);
  18. }
  19.  
  20. class Num{
  21.     private var value:Number;
  22.    
  23.     public function Num(n:Number):void{
  24.        value = n;
  25.     }
  26.     private function convert(n:*):Number{
  27.         if (n is Num) n = n.getValue();
  28.         return n;
  29.     }
  30.     public function getValue():Number{
  31.         return value;
  32.     }
  33.     public function plus(n:*):Num{
  34.         n = convert(n);
  35.         value += n;
  36.         return this;
  37.     }
  38.     public function minus(n:*):Num{
  39.         n = convert(n);
  40.         value -= n;
  41.         return this;
  42.     }
  43.     public function multiply(n:*):Num{
  44.         n = convert(n);
  45.         value *= n;
  46.         return this;
  47.     }
  48.     public function divide(n:*):Num{
  49.         n = convert(n);
  50.         value /= n;
  51.         return this;
  52.     }
  53. }

This snippet is meant to be run as a document class. It shows how one might go about designing a class to make extensive use of function chaining.

Also posted in OOP | Tagged , | 2 Comments