Functions as Object Review

Something I do a fair bit on this website is use functions as objects. Here is a simple example post on wonderfl. Timeline code and a brief description are available below.

Here is a still of what it generates and below you'll find the timeline as code:

Actionscript:
  1. [SWF(width = 500, height=500)]
  2.  
  3. var canvas:BitmapData = new BitmapData(800,800,false, 0x000000);
  4. addChild(new Bitmap(canvas,"auto",true));
  5. scaleX = scaleY = 500 / 800
  6.  
  7.  
  8. var walkerNum:int = 50;
  9. var walkers:Vector.<Function> = new Vector.<Function>(walkerNum, true);
  10.  
  11. makeWalkers();
  12. runWalkers();
  13.  
  14. function makeWalkers():void{
  15.     for (var i:int = 0; i<walkerNum; i++){
  16.         walkers[i] = makeWalker();
  17.     }
  18. }
  19. function runWalkers():void{
  20.     addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onRun);
  21. }
  22. function onRun(evt:Event):void{
  23.     for (var i:int = 0; i<walkerNum; i++){
  24.         walkers[i]();
  25.     }
  26. }
  27.  
  28. function makeWalker(xp:Number=400, yp:Number=400):Function{
  29.     var x:Number = xp, y:Number = yp;
  30.     var rad:Number = Math.random() * 4;
  31.     var theta:Number = Math.random() * Math.PI * 2;
  32.     var speed:Number = 0.01 * Math.random() * 2
  33.     if (int(Math.random() * 2) == 1){
  34.         speed *= -1;
  35.     }
  36.     return function():void{
  37.         x += rad * Math.cos(theta);
  38.         y += rad * Math.sin(theta);
  39.         theta += speed
  40.         if (int(Math.random() * 100) == 1){
  41.             theta = Math.random() * Math.PI * 2;
  42.         }
  43.         if (x> 800 || x <0 || y> 800 || y <0){
  44.             x = xp, y = yp;
  45.         }
  46.         canvas.setPixel(x, y, 0xFFFFFF);
  47.     }
  48. }

The basic trick is to have a function return a function. The original function initializes typed local variables and the returned function has access to these values. This is one of many ways to do OOP style coding using functions alone. This is really only for fun and for speed coding reasons - it's worth noting that this method is is significantly slower than using actual classes. I still have lots of fun with it despite the downsides.

Posted in BitmapData, functions | Tagged , , | Leave a comment

Bracket Syntax Reminder

If you haven't looked at every post on this site it's possible you've missed one of my favorite actionscript features.... Bracket Syntax:

Actionscript:
  1. var s:Sprite = Sprite(addChild(new Sprite()));
  2. s["x"] = 100;
  3. s["y"] = 100;
  4.  
  5. s["graphics"]["beginFill"](0xFF0000);
  6. s["graphics"]["drawCircle"](0,0,10);
  7.  
  8. this["addChild"](s);

If you don't realize how powerful this is then there is something wrong with you (joking). If you don't see how powerful this is, take some time and think about it. You can use it to avoid lots of annoying repetitive code in state machines for instance. It's always important to keep things readable if you decide to go this route on a real project.

[EDIT ....and as Quasimondo mentioned there is a notable performance hit when using this syntax. So don't forget to keep that in mind.]


Here is a very old post showing some of the power of this trick.

Posted in dynamic, functions | Tagged , , | 4 Comments

URLVariables Replacement

Actionscript:
  1. function decode(str:String):Object {
  2.     var vars:Object={};
  3.     var parse:Array =str.split("&");
  4.     var i:int=0;
  5.     for (i = 0; i<parse.length; i++) {
  6.         var pair:Array=parse[i].split("=");
  7.         if (pair.length==2) {
  8.             vars[pair[0]]=pair[1];
  9.         }
  10.     }
  11.     return vars;
  12. }
  13.  
  14. var nameValuePairs="one=1&&two=éllo&three=1000&four=0xFF0000";
  15. var parsed:Object=decode(nameValuePairs);
  16.  
  17. trace(parsed.one);
  18. trace(parsed.two);
  19. trace(parsed.three);
  20. trace(parsed.four);
  21.  
  22. /*outputs:
  23. 1
  24. éllo
  25. 1000
  26. 0xFF0000
  27. */

Well not exactly a URLVariables replacement, but I often use the URLVariables.decode() function and find that its very picky... like if there is an extra & or something it freaks out and breaks, or if there are line returns. As a quick and simple solution the other day I wrote this function into part of a class (Model class) that I was working on. Fixed the problem and even handles Spanish characters nicely.

There is plenty of room for improvement with this simple function... feel free to post improvements in the comments.

Posted in external data, string manipulation, strings | Tagged , , | 3 Comments

Colors For Questions

I get lots of questions about actionscript and QuickBox2D. Too many questions to answer really. But if you enter 30 colors into this project I'm working on I'll help you by answering any question (within reason of course) and possibly giving you a code snippet related to your question.

To enter colors use you'll be using a simple color picker app. Select a color, give it a name "dark red, maroon" etc.. and Then post in the comments that you did so... You'll need to enter a contributer name as well... you can use a handle or your real name... doesn't matter. So go back to this post and watch how to go about adding colors. If you have a question about how to enter stuff, here is the place to ask it....

Posted in Uncategorized | 11 Comments

Polygon Problems

Lots of people have mentioned that they have problems with QuickBox2D Polygons. The simple solution is not to use the verts 2d array (which is more like how Box2D does polys). So when in doubt about polygons, simply use the points array which will nearly always work as long as the contour you define does not cross over itself. Here is a simple example on wonderfl:

Also... polygons are covered extensively in part two of the tutorial over at active tuts... more on that later.

Here is the timeline code:

Actionscript:
  1. import com.actionsnippet.qbox.*;
  2.             /*
  3.                0
  4.               / \
  5.              0_0 0
  6.                | |
  7.                0-0
  8.             */
  9.             var sim:QuickBox2D = new QuickBox2D(this);
  10.             sim.createStageWalls();
  11.             // define the contour of your poly
  12.             // no limits as long as it doesn't cross over
  13.             // itself
  14.             sim.addPoly({x:10, y:5, points:[0.5,0,
  15.                                             1, 1,
  16.                                             1, 2,
  17.                                             0.5, 2,
  18.                                             0.5, 1,
  19.                                             0,1,
  20.                                             0.5,0],
  21.                                             wireframe:false});
  22.             sim.addCircle({x:11, y:10});
  23.             sim.start();
  24.             sim.mouseDrag();

Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged , , , | Leave a comment

Polar Coordinates Distribution

If you're at all interested in watching me free from code. I recorded a video of me coding this snippet (which is about 11 minutes long or so).

In the video I create a few functions that allow you to draw shapes like these:

Mathematically this stuff is really simple ... the free form nature of the video takes a less technical perspective as you'll see (I even made a few funny mistakes).



Actionscript:
  1. [SWF(width = 600, height = 600)]
  2. var dotNum:int = 1000;
  3. var dotRad:Number = 0.5;
  4.  
  5. x = 120
  6. y = 100;
  7.  
  8. // extra stuff to display what the functions can do
  9. stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onDrawAll);
  10.  
  11. function onDrawAll(evt:Event):void{
  12.     graphics.clear();
  13.     for (var i:int = 0; i<16; i++){
  14.         var m:Number;
  15.    
  16.         var rad:Number = 120;
  17.         var xp:Number = i % 4 * rad
  18.         var yp:Number = int(i / 4) * rad
  19.    
  20.         var type:int = int(Math.random() * 4);
  21.         if (type == 0){
  22.           makeShape(xp, yp, rad-60, Math.random() , 1);
  23.         }else if (type == 1){
  24.            makeShape(xp, yp, rad-60, 1,  Math.random());
  25.         }
  26.         else if (type == 2){
  27.            m = Math.random() * 2;
  28.            makeShape(xp, yp, rad-Math.random()*120, m, m);
  29.         }
  30.         else if (type == 3){
  31.            m = Math.random() * 2;
  32.            makeShape(xp, yp, rad-Math.random()*120, m, m/2);
  33.         }
  34.     }
  35. }
  36.  
  37. // main part from the video
  38. function makeShape(xp:Number, yp:Number,
  39.                    maxRad:Number = 100,m0:Number=1,
  40.                    m1:Number=1):void{
  41.     var polarX:Number;
  42.     var polarY:Number;
  43.     var radius:Number;
  44.     graphics.lineStyle(0, 0);
  45.     var theta:Number = Math.random() * Math.PI * 2;
  46.     for (var i:int = 0; i<dotNum; i++){
  47.         radius = Math.random() * maxRad
  48.         polarX = xp + radius * Math.cos(theta * m0);
  49.         polarY = yp + radius * Math.sin(theta * m1);
  50.         theta += 0.1;
  51.          
  52.         makeDot(polarX, polarY);
  53.        
  54.     }
  55. }
  56.  
  57. function makeDot(xp:Number, yp:Number, fillColor:uint = 0x000000):void{
  58.     graphics.beginFill(fillColor);
  59.     graphics.drawCircle(xp, yp, dotRad);
  60.     graphics.endFill();
  61. }

Here it is over at wonderf:

Posted in Graphics, Math, functions, misc | Tagged , , | 4 Comments

Nested Tree Nav

This snippet takes xml and builds a multi-tiered navigation based on how nodes are nested etc...:

So that something like this:

XML:
  1. var menu:XML=<nav>
  2.    <element label="one">
  3.        <element label="a" />
  4.    <element label="b" />
  5.    <element label="c" />
  6. </element>
  7. <element label="two">
  8.      <element label="three">
  9.      <element label="aa">
  10.        <element label="zevan" />
  11.      </element>
  12.      <element label="bb" />
  13.      <element label="cc" />
  14.  </element>
  15.  </element>
  16. </nav>;

Turns into an expandable and collapsible menu that looks like this:

Here is the timeline code:

Actionscript:
  1. var menu:XML=<nav>
  2.    <element label="one">
  3.        <element label="a" />
  4.    <element label="b" />
  5.    <element label="c" />
  6. </element>
  7. <element label="two">
  8.      <element label="three">
  9.      <element label="aa">
  10.        <element label="zevan" />
  11.      </element>
  12.      <element label="bb" />
  13.      <element label="cc" />
  14.  </element>
  15.  </element>
  16. </nav>;
  17.  
  18. var elements:Array = new Array();
  19. setupMenu();
  20.  
  21. function setupMenu():void {
  22.     parse(menu);
  23.     // hide child elements
  24.     for (var i:int = 0; i<elements.length; i++) {
  25.         var mc:MovieClip = elements[i];
  26.         if (mc.parents != 1) {
  27.             removeChild(mc);
  28.         }
  29.     }
  30.     arrangeY();
  31. }
  32.  
  33. function parse(m:XML):void {
  34.     for each (var d:XML in m.children()) {
  35.         makeBtn(d, numParents(d));
  36.         parse(d);
  37.     }
  38. }
  39.  
  40. function makeBtn(d:XML, offsetX:int):void {
  41.     var btn:MovieClip = new MovieClip();
  42.     btn.x = offsetX * 20;
  43.     btn.y = numChildren * 20;
  44.     btn.data = d;
  45.     btn.parents = offsetX;
  46.     btn.value = d.@label;
  47.  
  48.     var txt:TextField = new TextField();
  49.     txt.text = d.@label;
  50.     txt.selectable = false;
  51.     txt.border = true;
  52.     txt.width = 100;
  53.     txt.mouseEnabled = false;
  54.     txt.height = 19;
  55.     btn.addChild(txt);
  56.     btn.buttonMode= true;
  57.     addChild(btn);
  58.    
  59.     // store references to btn
  60.     elements.push(btn);
  61.     elements[d.parent().@label+"_"+d.@label] = btn
  62.  
  63.     btn.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, onClick);
  64. }
  65.  
  66. function onClick(evt:MouseEvent):void {
  67.     showHide(MovieClip(evt.currentTarget));
  68.     arrangeY();
  69.     trace(evt.currentTarget.value);
  70. }
  71.  
  72. function showHide(btn:MovieClip, forceHide:Boolean=false):void {
  73.     for each (var d:XML in btn.data.children()) {
  74.         var mc:MovieClip = elements[btn.data.@label+"_"+d.@label];
  75.         if (contains(mc)) {
  76.             removeChild(mc);
  77.             showHide(mc, true);
  78.         } else if (forceHide == false) {
  79.             addChild(mc);
  80.         }
  81.     }
  82. }
  83.  
  84. function arrangeY():void {
  85.     var inc:Number = 0;
  86.     for (var i:int = 0; i<elements.length; i++) {
  87.         if (contains(elements[i])) {
  88.             elements[i].y = inc * 20;
  89.             inc++;
  90.         }
  91.     }
  92. }
  93.  
  94. function numParents(e:XML):int {
  95.     var num:int = 0;
  96.     while (e.parent()!= null) {
  97.         num++;
  98.         e = e.parent();
  99.     }
  100.     return num;
  101. }

This is one of those snippets I've had laying around but never got around to posting. Next time I need to do a multi-tiered nav I'll wrap it up into a nice class (the wondeful class was done just by using my script that auto-converts timeline code to doc class code).

Posted in Uncategorized | 2 Comments

BlogShift!

So... If you still want to see quizzes/snippets posted frequently here... post a comment... because I need to know that people still want quizzes and snippets in order to keep working on this blog.

If not enough people respond in the comments I will slowly migrate back to my shapevent blog :

http://shapevent.com/sketchbook/

I would like 20+ comments on this blog post in order to motiviate me to keep writing quizzes and posting snippets... otherwise I will only post when an idea comes to mind.

The idea behind this blog has always been 15-30 minutes a day on a snippet or quiz. I did this for a little over a year straight resulting in about 400 posts :

http://actionsnippet.com/?page_id=549

This blog will definitely not die... especially when cs5 is released, but I want to get feedback to get an idea of how many readers this blog actually has.... so please post a comment if you'd like me to keep up the 15-30 mins a day on quizzes and snippets.

Thanks,

Z!

[EDIT - wow thanks for all the kind remarks and constructive crits. I really needed to see that this blog was actually useful for more than just me. I'll post a new snippet first thing tomorrow!. Thanks very much to everyone who commented :D so far]

Posted in Uncategorized | 62 Comments

Capturing Colors in Motion

So no one attempted to post their version for capturing saturated moving colors from a video feed.
I've had one working for some time now and based on the reactions I'm getting I think the approach I took is a relatively interesting one. Below You can watch a demo and view a descriptive diagram, as well as view the source code and and online version of the color selector.


Click for visual description and prerecorded video:



Click Here to test out a live version with your web cam...

Because we are working with a small group of developers on this project we've ported everything to processing (since that's what most everyone is using)... but here is the original actionscript code, its a tad messy but it gets the job done:

Actionscript:
  1. var bufferSize:int = 20;
  2. var blurAmount:Number = 20;
  3. var motionColor:uint = 0xFF222222;
  4. var pixelNum:int = 800 * 600;
  5.  
  6. var cam:Camera =  Camera.getCamera();
  7.  
  8. cam.addEventListener(ActivityEvent.ACTIVITY, onActivityStart);
  9.  
  10. function onActivityStart(evt:ActivityEvent):void {
  11.     trace("start");
  12.     addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onLoop);
  13.     cam.removeEventListener(ActivityEvent.ACTIVITY, onActivityStart);
  14. }
  15.  cam.setMode(800,600,30);
  16.  
  17. var video:Video = new Video(800, 600);
  18. video.attachCamera(cam);
  19.  
  20. var canvas:BitmapData = new BitmapData(800,600,false, 0x000000);
  21. //addChild(new Bitmap(canvas));
  22. var feed:BitmapData = new BitmapData(800,600,false, 0x000000);
  23. addChild(new Bitmap(feed));
  24.  
  25. var prev:BitmapData = new BitmapData(800,600,false, 0x000000);
  26.  
  27. var thresh:BitmapData = new BitmapData(800, 600, true, 0xFF000000);
  28. //addChild(new Bitmap(thresh));
  29. var cm = new ColorMatrixFilter([0.3086,0.6094,0.082,0,0,0.3086,0.6094,0.082,0,0,0.3086,0.6094,0.082,0,0,0,0,0,1,0]);
  30.  
  31. var threshSamples:Vector.<uint> = new Vector.<uint>();
  32. var samples:Vector.<uint> = new Vector.<uint>();
  33. var pixelSampleRate:int = 10;
  34.  
  35. var shape:Shape = Shape(addChild(new Shape()))
  36.  
  37.  
  38.  
  39. function onLoop(evt:Event):void {
  40.      
  41.         canvas.draw(video);
  42.         feed.draw(video);
  43.        
  44.         canvas.draw(prev, null, null, BlendMode.DIFFERENCE);
  45.         canvas.applyFilter(canvas, canvas.rect, new Point(0,0), new BlurFilter(blurAmount, blurAmount, 1));
  46.         //canvas.applyFilter(canvas, canvas.rect, new Point(0,0), cm);
  47.         prev.draw(video);
  48.        
  49.         thresh.fillRect(thresh.rect, 0x000000);
  50.         thresh.threshold(canvas, canvas.rect, new Point(0,0), ">=", motionColor, 0xFFFF0000, 0xFF00FF00);
  51.        
  52.         threshSamples = thresh.getVector(thresh.rect);
  53.        
  54.         var cols:Array = []
  55.         var index:int = 0;
  56.         for (var i:int = 0; i<pixelNum; i+=pixelSampleRate){
  57.             if (threshSamples[i] == 0xFFFF0000){
  58.                 var col = feed.getPixel(i % 800, int(i / 800));
  59.                 var r = col>> 16 & 0xFF;
  60.                 var g = col>> 8 & 0xFF;
  61.                 var b = col & 0xFF;
  62.                 var sl = toHSB(r, g, b);
  63.                 if (sl[0]> 60 && sl[1]> 30 && sl[1] <60){
  64.                   cols[index++] = col;
  65.                 }
  66.             }
  67.         }
  68.        
  69.         if (cols.length> 0){
  70.             shape.graphics.clear();
  71.             shape.graphics.beginFill(cols[int(cols.length * Math.random())]);
  72.             shape.graphics.drawRect(0,0,100,100);
  73.         }
  74.                                                                        
  75. }
  76.  
  77. // this is from somewhere online, if I can find the link I'll post it
  78. function toHSB(R, G, B):Array{
  79.     var H, S, L
  80.     var var_R = ( R / 255 )                     //RGB from 0 to 255
  81.     var var_G = ( G / 255 )
  82.     var var_B = ( B / 255 )
  83.    
  84.     var var_Min = Math.min( var_R, var_G, var_B )    //Min. value of RGB
  85.     var var_Max = Math.max( var_R, var_G, var_B )    //Max. value of RGB
  86.     var del_Max = var_Max - var_Min             //Delta RGB value
  87.    
  88.     L = ( var_Max + var_Min ) / 2
  89.    
  90.     if ( del_Max == 0 )                     //This is a gray, no chroma...
  91.     {
  92.        H = 0                                //HSL results from 0 to 1
  93.        S = 0
  94.     }
  95.     else                                    //Chromatic data...
  96.     {
  97.        if ( L <0.5 ) S = del_Max / ( var_Max + var_Min )
  98.        else           S = del_Max / ( 2 - var_Max - var_Min )
  99.    
  100.       var del_R = ( ( ( var_Max - var_R ) / 6 ) + ( del_Max / 2 ) ) / del_Max
  101.       var del_G = ( ( ( var_Max - var_G ) / 6 ) + ( del_Max / 2 ) ) / del_Max
  102.       var del_B = ( ( ( var_Max - var_B ) / 6 ) + ( del_Max / 2 ) ) / del_Max
  103.    
  104.        if      ( var_R == var_Max ) H = del_B - del_G
  105.        else if ( var_G == var_Max ) H = ( 1 / 3 ) + del_R - del_B
  106.        else if ( var_B == var_Max ) H = ( 2 / 3 ) + del_G - del_R
  107.    
  108.        if ( H <0 ) ; H += 1
  109.        if ( H> 1 ) ; H -= 1
  110.     }
  111.     return [ int(S * 100), int(100 * L)]
  112. }

Posted in projects | Tagged , , , | 7 Comments

Who Has the Best Button Class?

We've all done it... we've wasted way too much time writing an overly complex class just to create a simple square/roundrect button. Who has the nicest one? Post a link to yours (googlecode, wonderfl, etc...).

I've always avoided wasting too much time writing one of these but just spent 2 hours writing an overly complex one... looking forward to the way that people have done it....

For instance, did you make your class dynamic? Did you use scale9? did you use CSS? etc... Just curious how complex have gotten with it.

Posted in OOP, UI | Tagged , , , | 9 Comments